Smoking

Numerous DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers of cigarette smoking have been identified in peripheral blood studies, but because of tissue specificity, blood-based studies may not detect brain-specific smoking-related DNAm differences that may provide …

We investigated the effects of smoking-exposure on prenatal and adult gene expression in the frontal cortex. We found developmentally-dependent gene expression differences between smoking-exposed and -unexposed brains. These expression differences were enriched for the gene signatures of autism spectrum disorder.